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sqlglot.dialects.presto

  1from __future__ import annotations
  2
  3import typing as t
  4
  5from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
  6from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
  7    Dialect,
  8    NormalizationStrategy,
  9    binary_from_function,
 10    bool_xor_sql,
 11    date_trunc_to_time,
 12    datestrtodate_sql,
 13    encode_decode_sql,
 14    build_formatted_time,
 15    if_sql,
 16    left_to_substring_sql,
 17    no_ilike_sql,
 18    no_pivot_sql,
 19    no_safe_divide_sql,
 20    no_timestamp_sql,
 21    regexp_extract_sql,
 22    rename_func,
 23    right_to_substring_sql,
 24    struct_extract_sql,
 25    str_position_sql,
 26    timestamptrunc_sql,
 27    timestrtotime_sql,
 28    ts_or_ds_add_cast,
 29    unit_to_str,
 30)
 31from sqlglot.dialects.hive import Hive
 32from sqlglot.dialects.mysql import MySQL
 33from sqlglot.helper import apply_index_offset, seq_get
 34from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
 35
 36
 37def _explode_to_unnest_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Lateral) -> str:
 38    if isinstance(expression.this, exp.Explode):
 39        return self.sql(
 40            exp.Join(
 41                this=exp.Unnest(
 42                    expressions=[expression.this.this],
 43                    alias=expression.args.get("alias"),
 44                    offset=isinstance(expression.this, exp.Posexplode),
 45                ),
 46                kind="cross",
 47            )
 48        )
 49    return self.lateral_sql(expression)
 50
 51
 52def _initcap_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Initcap) -> str:
 53    regex = r"(\w)(\w*)"
 54    return f"REGEXP_REPLACE({self.sql(expression, 'this')}, '{regex}', x -> UPPER(x[1]) || LOWER(x[2]))"
 55
 56
 57def _no_sort_array(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.SortArray) -> str:
 58    if expression.args.get("asc") == exp.false():
 59        comparator = "(a, b) -> CASE WHEN a < b THEN 1 WHEN a > b THEN -1 ELSE 0 END"
 60    else:
 61        comparator = None
 62    return self.func("ARRAY_SORT", expression.this, comparator)
 63
 64
 65def _schema_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Schema) -> str:
 66    if isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Property):
 67        columns = ", ".join(f"'{c.name}'" for c in expression.expressions)
 68        return f"ARRAY[{columns}]"
 69
 70    if expression.parent:
 71        for schema in expression.parent.find_all(exp.Schema):
 72            column_defs = schema.find_all(exp.ColumnDef)
 73            if column_defs and isinstance(schema.parent, exp.Property):
 74                expression.expressions.extend(column_defs)
 75
 76    return self.schema_sql(expression)
 77
 78
 79def _quantile_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Quantile) -> str:
 80    self.unsupported("Presto does not support exact quantiles")
 81    return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
 82
 83
 84def _str_to_time_sql(
 85    self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.StrToDate | exp.StrToTime | exp.TsOrDsToDate
 86) -> str:
 87    return self.func("DATE_PARSE", expression.this, self.format_time(expression))
 88
 89
 90def _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsToDate) -> str:
 91    time_format = self.format_time(expression)
 92    if time_format and time_format not in (Presto.TIME_FORMAT, Presto.DATE_FORMAT):
 93        return self.sql(exp.cast(_str_to_time_sql(self, expression), exp.DataType.Type.DATE))
 94    return self.sql(
 95        exp.cast(exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP), exp.DataType.Type.DATE)
 96    )
 97
 98
 99def _ts_or_ds_add_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsAdd) -> str:
100    expression = ts_or_ds_add_cast(expression)
101    unit = unit_to_str(expression)
102    return self.func("DATE_ADD", unit, expression.expression, expression.this)
103
104
105def _ts_or_ds_diff_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsDiff) -> str:
106    this = exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP)
107    expr = exp.cast(expression.expression, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP)
108    unit = unit_to_str(expression)
109    return self.func("DATE_DIFF", unit, expr, this)
110
111
112def _build_approx_percentile(args: t.List) -> exp.Expression:
113    if len(args) == 4:
114        return exp.ApproxQuantile(
115            this=seq_get(args, 0),
116            weight=seq_get(args, 1),
117            quantile=seq_get(args, 2),
118            accuracy=seq_get(args, 3),
119        )
120    if len(args) == 3:
121        return exp.ApproxQuantile(
122            this=seq_get(args, 0), quantile=seq_get(args, 1), accuracy=seq_get(args, 2)
123        )
124    return exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list(args)
125
126
127def _build_from_unixtime(args: t.List) -> exp.Expression:
128    if len(args) == 3:
129        return exp.UnixToTime(
130            this=seq_get(args, 0),
131            hours=seq_get(args, 1),
132            minutes=seq_get(args, 2),
133        )
134    if len(args) == 2:
135        return exp.UnixToTime(this=seq_get(args, 0), zone=seq_get(args, 1))
136
137    return exp.UnixToTime.from_arg_list(args)
138
139
140def _unnest_sequence(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
141    if isinstance(expression, exp.Table):
142        if isinstance(expression.this, exp.GenerateSeries):
143            unnest = exp.Unnest(expressions=[expression.this])
144
145            if expression.alias:
146                return exp.alias_(unnest, alias="_u", table=[expression.alias], copy=False)
147            return unnest
148    return expression
149
150
151def _first_last_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Func) -> str:
152    """
153    Trino doesn't support FIRST / LAST as functions, but they're valid in the context
154    of MATCH_RECOGNIZE, so we need to preserve them in that case. In all other cases
155    they're converted into an ARBITRARY call.
156
157    Reference: https://trino.io/docs/current/sql/match-recognize.html#logical-navigation-functions
158    """
159    if isinstance(expression.find_ancestor(exp.MatchRecognize, exp.Select), exp.MatchRecognize):
160        return self.function_fallback_sql(expression)
161
162    return rename_func("ARBITRARY")(self, expression)
163
164
165def _unix_to_time_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.UnixToTime) -> str:
166    scale = expression.args.get("scale")
167    timestamp = self.sql(expression, "this")
168    if scale in (None, exp.UnixToTime.SECONDS):
169        return rename_func("FROM_UNIXTIME")(self, expression)
170
171    return f"FROM_UNIXTIME(CAST({timestamp} AS DOUBLE) / POW(10, {scale}))"
172
173
174def _to_int(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
175    if not expression.type:
176        from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
177
178        annotate_types(expression)
179    if expression.type and expression.type.this not in exp.DataType.INTEGER_TYPES:
180        return exp.cast(expression, to=exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT)
181    return expression
182
183
184def _build_to_char(args: t.List) -> exp.TimeToStr:
185    fmt = seq_get(args, 1)
186    if isinstance(fmt, exp.Literal):
187        # We uppercase this to match Teradata's format mapping keys
188        fmt.set("this", fmt.this.upper())
189
190    # We use "teradata" on purpose here, because the time formats are different in Presto.
191    # See https://prestodb.io/docs/current/functions/teradata.html?highlight=to_char#to_char
192    return build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "teradata")(args)
193
194
195class Presto(Dialect):
196    INDEX_OFFSET = 1
197    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_last"
198    TIME_FORMAT = MySQL.TIME_FORMAT
199    TIME_MAPPING = MySQL.TIME_MAPPING
200    STRICT_STRING_CONCAT = True
201    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
202    TYPED_DIVISION = True
203    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
204    LOG_BASE_FIRST: t.Optional[bool] = None
205
206    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/17
207    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/12289
208    # https://github.com/prestodb/presto/issues/2863
209    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
210
211    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
212        UNICODE_STRINGS = [
213            (prefix + q, q)
214            for q in t.cast(t.List[str], tokens.Tokenizer.QUOTES)
215            for prefix in ("U&", "u&")
216        ]
217
218        KEYWORDS = {
219            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
220            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
221            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
222            "ROW": TokenType.STRUCT,
223            "IPADDRESS": TokenType.IPADDRESS,
224            "IPPREFIX": TokenType.IPPREFIX,
225            "TDIGEST": TokenType.TDIGEST,
226            "HYPERLOGLOG": TokenType.HLLSKETCH,
227        }
228
229        KEYWORDS.pop("QUALIFY")
230
231    class Parser(parser.Parser):
232        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
233
234        FUNCTIONS = {
235            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
236            "ARBITRARY": exp.AnyValue.from_arg_list,
237            "APPROX_DISTINCT": exp.ApproxDistinct.from_arg_list,
238            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": _build_approx_percentile,
239            "BITWISE_AND": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseAnd),
240            "BITWISE_NOT": lambda args: exp.BitwiseNot(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
241            "BITWISE_OR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseOr),
242            "BITWISE_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
243            "CARDINALITY": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
244            "CONTAINS": exp.ArrayContains.from_arg_list,
245            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
246                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
247            ),
248            "DATE_DIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
249                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
250            ),
251            "DATE_FORMAT": build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "presto"),
252            "DATE_PARSE": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "presto"),
253            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
254            "ELEMENT_AT": lambda args: exp.Bracket(
255                this=seq_get(args, 0), expressions=[seq_get(args, 1)], offset=1, safe=True
256            ),
257            "FROM_HEX": exp.Unhex.from_arg_list,
258            "FROM_UNIXTIME": _build_from_unixtime,
259            "FROM_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Decode(
260                this=seq_get(args, 0), replace=seq_get(args, 1), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
261            ),
262            "NOW": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
263            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
264                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), group=seq_get(args, 2)
265            ),
266            "REGEXP_REPLACE": lambda args: exp.RegexpReplace(
267                this=seq_get(args, 0),
268                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
269                replacement=seq_get(args, 2) or exp.Literal.string(""),
270            ),
271            "ROW": exp.Struct.from_arg_list,
272            "SEQUENCE": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
273            "SET_AGG": exp.ArrayUniqueAgg.from_arg_list,
274            "SPLIT_TO_MAP": exp.StrToMap.from_arg_list,
275            "STRPOS": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
276                this=seq_get(args, 0), substr=seq_get(args, 1), instance=seq_get(args, 2)
277            ),
278            "TO_CHAR": _build_to_char,
279            "TO_HEX": exp.Hex.from_arg_list,
280            "TO_UNIXTIME": exp.TimeToUnix.from_arg_list,
281            "TO_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Encode(
282                this=seq_get(args, 0), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
283            ),
284        }
285
286        FUNCTION_PARSERS = parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS.copy()
287        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
288
289    class Generator(generator.Generator):
290        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
291        JOIN_HINTS = False
292        TABLE_HINTS = False
293        QUERY_HINTS = False
294        IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
295        TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
296        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
297        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
298        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
299        SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
300        LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
301        MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
302        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
303
304        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
305            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
306            exp.LocationProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
307            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
308        }
309
310        TYPE_MAPPING = {
311            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
312            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
313            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
314            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBINARY",
315            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR",
316            exp.DataType.Type.TIMETZ: "TIME",
317            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
318            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "ROW",
319            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
320            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME64: "TIMESTAMP",
321            exp.DataType.Type.HLLSKETCH: "HYPERLOGLOG",
322        }
323
324        TRANSFORMS = {
325            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
326            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("ARBITRARY"),
327            exp.ApproxDistinct: lambda self, e: self.func(
328                "APPROX_DISTINCT", e.this, e.args.get("accuracy")
329            ),
330            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("APPROX_PERCENTILE"),
331            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
332            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
333            exp.Array: lambda self, e: f"ARRAY[{self.expressions(e, flat=True)}]",
334            exp.ArrayAny: rename_func("ANY_MATCH"),
335            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
336            exp.ArrayContains: rename_func("CONTAINS"),
337            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("CARDINALITY"),
338            exp.ArrayToString: rename_func("ARRAY_JOIN"),
339            exp.ArrayUniqueAgg: rename_func("SET_AGG"),
340            exp.AtTimeZone: rename_func("AT_TIMEZONE"),
341            exp.BitwiseAnd: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_AND", e.this, e.expression),
342            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
343                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_LEFT", e.this, e.expression
344            ),
345            exp.BitwiseNot: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_NOT", e.this),
346            exp.BitwiseOr: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_OR", e.this, e.expression),
347            exp.BitwiseRightShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
348                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_RIGHT", e.this, e.expression
349            ),
350            exp.BitwiseXor: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_XOR", e.this, e.expression),
351            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
352            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
353            exp.DateAdd: lambda self, e: self.func(
354                "DATE_ADD",
355                unit_to_str(e),
356                _to_int(e.expression),
357                e.this,
358            ),
359            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
360                "DATE_DIFF", unit_to_str(e), e.expression, e.this
361            ),
362            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
363            exp.DateToDi: lambda self,
364            e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
365            exp.DateSub: lambda self, e: self.func(
366                "DATE_ADD",
367                unit_to_str(e),
368                _to_int(e.expression * -1),
369                e.this,
370            ),
371            exp.Decode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "FROM_UTF8"),
372            exp.DiToDate: lambda self,
373            e: f"CAST(DATE_PARSE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS DATE)",
374            exp.Encode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "TO_UTF8"),
375            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self, e: f"FORMAT='{e.name.upper()}'",
376            exp.First: _first_last_sql,
377            exp.FirstValue: _first_last_sql,
378            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self,
379            e: f"WITH_TIMEZONE({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'zone')}) AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'",
380            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
381            exp.GroupConcat: lambda self, e: self.func(
382                "ARRAY_JOIN", self.func("ARRAY_AGG", e.this), e.args.get("separator")
383            ),
384            exp.Hex: rename_func("TO_HEX"),
385            exp.If: if_sql(),
386            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
387            exp.Initcap: _initcap_sql,
388            exp.ParseJSON: rename_func("JSON_PARSE"),
389            exp.Last: _first_last_sql,
390            exp.LastValue: _first_last_sql,
391            exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH", e.this),
392            exp.Lateral: _explode_to_unnest_sql,
393            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
394            exp.Levenshtein: rename_func("LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE"),
395            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOL_AND"),
396            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOL_OR"),
397            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
398            exp.Quantile: _quantile_sql,
399            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
400            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
401            exp.SafeDivide: no_safe_divide_sql,
402            exp.Schema: _schema_sql,
403            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
404            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
405                [
406                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
407                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
408                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(1),
409                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
410                ]
411            ),
412            exp.SortArray: _no_sort_array,
413            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: str_position_sql(self, e, generate_instance=True),
414            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST({_str_to_time_sql(self, e)} AS DATE)",
415            exp.StrToMap: rename_func("SPLIT_TO_MAP"),
416            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
417            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
418            exp.Table: transforms.preprocess([_unnest_sequence]),
419            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
420            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql,
421            exp.TimeStrToDate: timestrtotime_sql,
422            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
423            exp.TimeStrToUnix: lambda self, e: self.func(
424                "TO_UNIXTIME", self.func("DATE_PARSE", e.this, Presto.TIME_FORMAT)
425            ),
426            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
427            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("TO_UNIXTIME"),
428            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
429            exp.TryCast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
430            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self,
431            e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
432            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
433            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
434            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
435            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
436            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self,
437            e: f"DATE_FORMAT(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}), {self.format_time(e)})",
438            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
439            exp.UnixToTimeStr: lambda self,
440            e: f"CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}) AS VARCHAR)",
441            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
442            exp.With: transforms.preprocess([transforms.add_recursive_cte_column_names]),
443            exp.WithinGroup: transforms.preprocess(
444                [transforms.remove_within_group_for_percentiles]
445            ),
446            exp.Xor: bool_xor_sql,
447        }
448
449        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
450            "alter",
451            "and",
452            "as",
453            "between",
454            "by",
455            "case",
456            "cast",
457            "constraint",
458            "create",
459            "cross",
460            "current_time",
461            "current_timestamp",
462            "deallocate",
463            "delete",
464            "describe",
465            "distinct",
466            "drop",
467            "else",
468            "end",
469            "escape",
470            "except",
471            "execute",
472            "exists",
473            "extract",
474            "false",
475            "for",
476            "from",
477            "full",
478            "group",
479            "having",
480            "in",
481            "inner",
482            "insert",
483            "intersect",
484            "into",
485            "is",
486            "join",
487            "left",
488            "like",
489            "natural",
490            "not",
491            "null",
492            "on",
493            "or",
494            "order",
495            "outer",
496            "prepare",
497            "right",
498            "select",
499            "table",
500            "then",
501            "true",
502            "union",
503            "using",
504            "values",
505            "when",
506            "where",
507            "with",
508        }
509
510        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
511            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
512            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
513            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
514            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
515            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
516            value_as_text = exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
517            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
518            parse_with_tz = self.func(
519                "PARSE_DATETIME",
520                value_as_text,
521                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
522            )
523            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
524            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)
525
526        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
527            if expression.args.get("safe"):
528                return self.func(
529                    "ELEMENT_AT",
530                    expression.this,
531                    seq_get(
532                        apply_index_offset(
533                            expression.this,
534                            expression.expressions,
535                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
536                        ),
537                        0,
538                    ),
539                )
540            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
541
542        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
543            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
544
545            expression = annotate_types(expression)
546            values: t.List[str] = []
547            schema: t.List[str] = []
548            unknown_type = False
549
550            for e in expression.expressions:
551                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
552                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
553                        unknown_type = True
554                    else:
555                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
556                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
557                else:
558                    values.append(self.sql(e))
559
560            size = len(expression.expressions)
561
562            if not size or len(schema) != size:
563                if unknown_type:
564                    self.unsupported(
565                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
566                    )
567                return self.func("ROW", *values)
568            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"
569
570        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
571            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
572                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
573            return super().interval_sql(expression)
574
575        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
576            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
577            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
578            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"
579
580        def generateseries_sql(self, expression: exp.GenerateSeries) -> str:
581            start = expression.args["start"]
582            end = expression.args["end"]
583            step = expression.args.get("step")
584
585            if isinstance(start, exp.Cast):
586                target_type = start.to
587            elif isinstance(end, exp.Cast):
588                target_type = end.to
589            else:
590                target_type = None
591
592            if target_type and target_type.is_type("timestamp"):
593                if target_type is start.to:
594                    end = exp.cast(end, target_type)
595                else:
596                    start = exp.cast(start, target_type)
597
598            return self.func("SEQUENCE", start, end, step)
599
600        def offset_limit_modifiers(
601            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
602        ) -> t.List[str]:
603            return [
604                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
605                self.sql(limit),
606            ]
607
608        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
609            """
610            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
611            so we need to remove them
612            """
613            kind = expression.args["kind"]
614            schema = expression.this
615            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
616                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
617            return super().create_sql(expression)
class Presto(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect):
196class Presto(Dialect):
197    INDEX_OFFSET = 1
198    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_last"
199    TIME_FORMAT = MySQL.TIME_FORMAT
200    TIME_MAPPING = MySQL.TIME_MAPPING
201    STRICT_STRING_CONCAT = True
202    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
203    TYPED_DIVISION = True
204    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
205    LOG_BASE_FIRST: t.Optional[bool] = None
206
207    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/17
208    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/12289
209    # https://github.com/prestodb/presto/issues/2863
210    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
211
212    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
213        UNICODE_STRINGS = [
214            (prefix + q, q)
215            for q in t.cast(t.List[str], tokens.Tokenizer.QUOTES)
216            for prefix in ("U&", "u&")
217        ]
218
219        KEYWORDS = {
220            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
221            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
222            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
223            "ROW": TokenType.STRUCT,
224            "IPADDRESS": TokenType.IPADDRESS,
225            "IPPREFIX": TokenType.IPPREFIX,
226            "TDIGEST": TokenType.TDIGEST,
227            "HYPERLOGLOG": TokenType.HLLSKETCH,
228        }
229
230        KEYWORDS.pop("QUALIFY")
231
232    class Parser(parser.Parser):
233        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
234
235        FUNCTIONS = {
236            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
237            "ARBITRARY": exp.AnyValue.from_arg_list,
238            "APPROX_DISTINCT": exp.ApproxDistinct.from_arg_list,
239            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": _build_approx_percentile,
240            "BITWISE_AND": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseAnd),
241            "BITWISE_NOT": lambda args: exp.BitwiseNot(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
242            "BITWISE_OR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseOr),
243            "BITWISE_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
244            "CARDINALITY": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
245            "CONTAINS": exp.ArrayContains.from_arg_list,
246            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
247                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
248            ),
249            "DATE_DIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
250                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
251            ),
252            "DATE_FORMAT": build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "presto"),
253            "DATE_PARSE": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "presto"),
254            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
255            "ELEMENT_AT": lambda args: exp.Bracket(
256                this=seq_get(args, 0), expressions=[seq_get(args, 1)], offset=1, safe=True
257            ),
258            "FROM_HEX": exp.Unhex.from_arg_list,
259            "FROM_UNIXTIME": _build_from_unixtime,
260            "FROM_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Decode(
261                this=seq_get(args, 0), replace=seq_get(args, 1), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
262            ),
263            "NOW": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
264            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
265                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), group=seq_get(args, 2)
266            ),
267            "REGEXP_REPLACE": lambda args: exp.RegexpReplace(
268                this=seq_get(args, 0),
269                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
270                replacement=seq_get(args, 2) or exp.Literal.string(""),
271            ),
272            "ROW": exp.Struct.from_arg_list,
273            "SEQUENCE": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
274            "SET_AGG": exp.ArrayUniqueAgg.from_arg_list,
275            "SPLIT_TO_MAP": exp.StrToMap.from_arg_list,
276            "STRPOS": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
277                this=seq_get(args, 0), substr=seq_get(args, 1), instance=seq_get(args, 2)
278            ),
279            "TO_CHAR": _build_to_char,
280            "TO_HEX": exp.Hex.from_arg_list,
281            "TO_UNIXTIME": exp.TimeToUnix.from_arg_list,
282            "TO_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Encode(
283                this=seq_get(args, 0), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
284            ),
285        }
286
287        FUNCTION_PARSERS = parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS.copy()
288        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
289
290    class Generator(generator.Generator):
291        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
292        JOIN_HINTS = False
293        TABLE_HINTS = False
294        QUERY_HINTS = False
295        IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
296        TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
297        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
298        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
299        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
300        SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
301        LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
302        MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
303        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
304
305        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
306            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
307            exp.LocationProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
308            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
309        }
310
311        TYPE_MAPPING = {
312            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
313            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
314            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
315            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBINARY",
316            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR",
317            exp.DataType.Type.TIMETZ: "TIME",
318            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
319            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "ROW",
320            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
321            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME64: "TIMESTAMP",
322            exp.DataType.Type.HLLSKETCH: "HYPERLOGLOG",
323        }
324
325        TRANSFORMS = {
326            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
327            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("ARBITRARY"),
328            exp.ApproxDistinct: lambda self, e: self.func(
329                "APPROX_DISTINCT", e.this, e.args.get("accuracy")
330            ),
331            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("APPROX_PERCENTILE"),
332            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
333            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
334            exp.Array: lambda self, e: f"ARRAY[{self.expressions(e, flat=True)}]",
335            exp.ArrayAny: rename_func("ANY_MATCH"),
336            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
337            exp.ArrayContains: rename_func("CONTAINS"),
338            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("CARDINALITY"),
339            exp.ArrayToString: rename_func("ARRAY_JOIN"),
340            exp.ArrayUniqueAgg: rename_func("SET_AGG"),
341            exp.AtTimeZone: rename_func("AT_TIMEZONE"),
342            exp.BitwiseAnd: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_AND", e.this, e.expression),
343            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
344                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_LEFT", e.this, e.expression
345            ),
346            exp.BitwiseNot: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_NOT", e.this),
347            exp.BitwiseOr: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_OR", e.this, e.expression),
348            exp.BitwiseRightShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
349                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_RIGHT", e.this, e.expression
350            ),
351            exp.BitwiseXor: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_XOR", e.this, e.expression),
352            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
353            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
354            exp.DateAdd: lambda self, e: self.func(
355                "DATE_ADD",
356                unit_to_str(e),
357                _to_int(e.expression),
358                e.this,
359            ),
360            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
361                "DATE_DIFF", unit_to_str(e), e.expression, e.this
362            ),
363            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
364            exp.DateToDi: lambda self,
365            e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
366            exp.DateSub: lambda self, e: self.func(
367                "DATE_ADD",
368                unit_to_str(e),
369                _to_int(e.expression * -1),
370                e.this,
371            ),
372            exp.Decode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "FROM_UTF8"),
373            exp.DiToDate: lambda self,
374            e: f"CAST(DATE_PARSE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS DATE)",
375            exp.Encode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "TO_UTF8"),
376            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self, e: f"FORMAT='{e.name.upper()}'",
377            exp.First: _first_last_sql,
378            exp.FirstValue: _first_last_sql,
379            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self,
380            e: f"WITH_TIMEZONE({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'zone')}) AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'",
381            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
382            exp.GroupConcat: lambda self, e: self.func(
383                "ARRAY_JOIN", self.func("ARRAY_AGG", e.this), e.args.get("separator")
384            ),
385            exp.Hex: rename_func("TO_HEX"),
386            exp.If: if_sql(),
387            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
388            exp.Initcap: _initcap_sql,
389            exp.ParseJSON: rename_func("JSON_PARSE"),
390            exp.Last: _first_last_sql,
391            exp.LastValue: _first_last_sql,
392            exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH", e.this),
393            exp.Lateral: _explode_to_unnest_sql,
394            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
395            exp.Levenshtein: rename_func("LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE"),
396            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOL_AND"),
397            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOL_OR"),
398            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
399            exp.Quantile: _quantile_sql,
400            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
401            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
402            exp.SafeDivide: no_safe_divide_sql,
403            exp.Schema: _schema_sql,
404            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
405            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
406                [
407                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
408                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
409                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(1),
410                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
411                ]
412            ),
413            exp.SortArray: _no_sort_array,
414            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: str_position_sql(self, e, generate_instance=True),
415            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST({_str_to_time_sql(self, e)} AS DATE)",
416            exp.StrToMap: rename_func("SPLIT_TO_MAP"),
417            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
418            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
419            exp.Table: transforms.preprocess([_unnest_sequence]),
420            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
421            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql,
422            exp.TimeStrToDate: timestrtotime_sql,
423            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
424            exp.TimeStrToUnix: lambda self, e: self.func(
425                "TO_UNIXTIME", self.func("DATE_PARSE", e.this, Presto.TIME_FORMAT)
426            ),
427            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
428            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("TO_UNIXTIME"),
429            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
430            exp.TryCast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
431            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self,
432            e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
433            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
434            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
435            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
436            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
437            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self,
438            e: f"DATE_FORMAT(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}), {self.format_time(e)})",
439            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
440            exp.UnixToTimeStr: lambda self,
441            e: f"CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}) AS VARCHAR)",
442            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
443            exp.With: transforms.preprocess([transforms.add_recursive_cte_column_names]),
444            exp.WithinGroup: transforms.preprocess(
445                [transforms.remove_within_group_for_percentiles]
446            ),
447            exp.Xor: bool_xor_sql,
448        }
449
450        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
451            "alter",
452            "and",
453            "as",
454            "between",
455            "by",
456            "case",
457            "cast",
458            "constraint",
459            "create",
460            "cross",
461            "current_time",
462            "current_timestamp",
463            "deallocate",
464            "delete",
465            "describe",
466            "distinct",
467            "drop",
468            "else",
469            "end",
470            "escape",
471            "except",
472            "execute",
473            "exists",
474            "extract",
475            "false",
476            "for",
477            "from",
478            "full",
479            "group",
480            "having",
481            "in",
482            "inner",
483            "insert",
484            "intersect",
485            "into",
486            "is",
487            "join",
488            "left",
489            "like",
490            "natural",
491            "not",
492            "null",
493            "on",
494            "or",
495            "order",
496            "outer",
497            "prepare",
498            "right",
499            "select",
500            "table",
501            "then",
502            "true",
503            "union",
504            "using",
505            "values",
506            "when",
507            "where",
508            "with",
509        }
510
511        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
512            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
513            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
514            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
515            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
516            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
517            value_as_text = exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
518            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
519            parse_with_tz = self.func(
520                "PARSE_DATETIME",
521                value_as_text,
522                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
523            )
524            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
525            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)
526
527        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
528            if expression.args.get("safe"):
529                return self.func(
530                    "ELEMENT_AT",
531                    expression.this,
532                    seq_get(
533                        apply_index_offset(
534                            expression.this,
535                            expression.expressions,
536                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
537                        ),
538                        0,
539                    ),
540                )
541            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
542
543        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
544            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
545
546            expression = annotate_types(expression)
547            values: t.List[str] = []
548            schema: t.List[str] = []
549            unknown_type = False
550
551            for e in expression.expressions:
552                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
553                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
554                        unknown_type = True
555                    else:
556                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
557                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
558                else:
559                    values.append(self.sql(e))
560
561            size = len(expression.expressions)
562
563            if not size or len(schema) != size:
564                if unknown_type:
565                    self.unsupported(
566                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
567                    )
568                return self.func("ROW", *values)
569            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"
570
571        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
572            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
573                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
574            return super().interval_sql(expression)
575
576        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
577            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
578            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
579            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"
580
581        def generateseries_sql(self, expression: exp.GenerateSeries) -> str:
582            start = expression.args["start"]
583            end = expression.args["end"]
584            step = expression.args.get("step")
585
586            if isinstance(start, exp.Cast):
587                target_type = start.to
588            elif isinstance(end, exp.Cast):
589                target_type = end.to
590            else:
591                target_type = None
592
593            if target_type and target_type.is_type("timestamp"):
594                if target_type is start.to:
595                    end = exp.cast(end, target_type)
596                else:
597                    start = exp.cast(start, target_type)
598
599            return self.func("SEQUENCE", start, end, step)
600
601        def offset_limit_modifiers(
602            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
603        ) -> t.List[str]:
604            return [
605                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
606                self.sql(limit),
607            ]
608
609        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
610            """
611            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
612            so we need to remove them
613            """
614            kind = expression.args["kind"]
615            schema = expression.this
616            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
617                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
618            return super().create_sql(expression)
INDEX_OFFSET = 1

The base index offset for arrays.

NULL_ORDERING = 'nulls_are_last'

Default NULL ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Possible values: "nulls_are_small", "nulls_are_large", "nulls_are_last"

TIME_FORMAT = "'%Y-%m-%d %T'"
TIME_MAPPING = {'%M': '%B', '%c': '%-m', '%e': '%-d', '%h': '%I', '%i': '%M', '%s': '%S', '%u': '%W', '%k': '%-H', '%l': '%-I', '%T': '%H:%M:%S', '%W': '%a'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python strftime formats.

STRICT_STRING_CONCAT = True

Whether CONCAT's arguments must be strings.

SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False

Whether SEMI or ANTI joins are supported.

TYPED_DIVISION = True

Whether the behavior of a / b depends on the types of a and b. False means a / b is always float division. True means a / b is integer division if both a and b are integers.

TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True

Whether a size in the table sample clause represents percentage.

LOG_BASE_FIRST: Optional[bool] = None

Whether the base comes first in the LOG function. Possible values: True, False, None (two arguments are not supported by LOG)

NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE: 'CASE_INSENSITIVE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

tokenizer_class = <class 'Presto.Tokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'Presto.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'Presto.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'M': {0: True}, 'c': {0: True}, 'e': {0: True}, 'h': {0: True}, 'i': {0: True}, 's': {0: True}, 'u': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}, 'l': {0: True}, 'T': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'M': {0: True}, 'c': {0: True}, 'e': {0: True}, 'h': {0: True}, 'i': {0: True}, 's': {0: True}, 'u': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}, 'l': {0: True}, 'T': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%B': '%M', '%-m': '%c', '%-d': '%e', '%I': '%h', '%M': '%i', '%S': '%s', '%W': '%u', '%-H': '%k', '%-I': '%l', '%H:%M:%S': '%T', '%a': '%W'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'B': {0: True}, '-': {'m': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}, 'H': {':': {'%': {'M': {':': {'%': {'S': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'a': {0: True}}}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = None
HEX_END: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_START: Optional[str] = "U&'"
UNICODE_END: Optional[str] = "'"
class Presto.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer):
212    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
213        UNICODE_STRINGS = [
214            (prefix + q, q)
215            for q in t.cast(t.List[str], tokens.Tokenizer.QUOTES)
216            for prefix in ("U&", "u&")
217        ]
218
219        KEYWORDS = {
220            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
221            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
222            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
223            "ROW": TokenType.STRUCT,
224            "IPADDRESS": TokenType.IPADDRESS,
225            "IPPREFIX": TokenType.IPPREFIX,
226            "TDIGEST": TokenType.TDIGEST,
227            "HYPERLOGLOG": TokenType.HLLSKETCH,
228        }
229
230        KEYWORDS.pop("QUALIFY")
UNICODE_STRINGS = [("U&'", "'"), ("u&'", "'")]
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '/*+': <TokenType.HINT: 'HINT'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 'COLON_EQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'START': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE': <TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE: 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE'>, 'IPADDRESS': <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, 'IPPREFIX': <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, 'TDIGEST': <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, 'HYPERLOGLOG': <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>}
class Presto.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser):
232    class Parser(parser.Parser):
233        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
234
235        FUNCTIONS = {
236            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
237            "ARBITRARY": exp.AnyValue.from_arg_list,
238            "APPROX_DISTINCT": exp.ApproxDistinct.from_arg_list,
239            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": _build_approx_percentile,
240            "BITWISE_AND": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseAnd),
241            "BITWISE_NOT": lambda args: exp.BitwiseNot(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
242            "BITWISE_OR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseOr),
243            "BITWISE_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
244            "CARDINALITY": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
245            "CONTAINS": exp.ArrayContains.from_arg_list,
246            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
247                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
248            ),
249            "DATE_DIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
250                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
251            ),
252            "DATE_FORMAT": build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "presto"),
253            "DATE_PARSE": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "presto"),
254            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
255            "ELEMENT_AT": lambda args: exp.Bracket(
256                this=seq_get(args, 0), expressions=[seq_get(args, 1)], offset=1, safe=True
257            ),
258            "FROM_HEX": exp.Unhex.from_arg_list,
259            "FROM_UNIXTIME": _build_from_unixtime,
260            "FROM_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Decode(
261                this=seq_get(args, 0), replace=seq_get(args, 1), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
262            ),
263            "NOW": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
264            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
265                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), group=seq_get(args, 2)
266            ),
267            "REGEXP_REPLACE": lambda args: exp.RegexpReplace(
268                this=seq_get(args, 0),
269                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
270                replacement=seq_get(args, 2) or exp.Literal.string(""),
271            ),
272            "ROW": exp.Struct.from_arg_list,
273            "SEQUENCE": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
274            "SET_AGG": exp.ArrayUniqueAgg.from_arg_list,
275            "SPLIT_TO_MAP": exp.StrToMap.from_arg_list,
276            "STRPOS": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
277                this=seq_get(args, 0), substr=seq_get(args, 1), instance=seq_get(args, 2)
278            ),
279            "TO_CHAR": _build_to_char,
280            "TO_HEX": exp.Hex.from_arg_list,
281            "TO_UNIXTIME": exp.TimeToUnix.from_arg_list,
282            "TO_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Encode(
283                this=seq_get(args, 0), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
284            ),
285        }
286
287        FUNCTION_PARSERS = parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS.copy()
288        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

Arguments:
  • error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
  • error_message_context: The amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
  • max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ADD_MONTHS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AddMonths'>>, 'ANONYMOUS_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnonymousAggFunc'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopK'>>, 'ARG_MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARGMAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'MAX_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARG_MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARGMIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'MIN_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_OVERLAPS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_TO_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CBRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cbrt'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'COALESCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'IFNULL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'NVL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'COMBINED_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedAggFunc'>>, 'COMBINED_PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedParameterizedAgg'>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONNECT_BY_ROOT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>>, 'CONVERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Convert'>>, 'CORR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Corr'>>, 'COUNT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COUNTIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COVAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarPop'>>, 'COVAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarSamp'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Date'>>, 'DATE_ADD': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATEDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_DIFF': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <function date_trunc_to_time>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodeOuter'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FIRST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FirstValue'>>, 'FLATTEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Flatten'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateDateArray'>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'IIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'IS_INF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'ISINF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObjectAgg'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'LAG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lag'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>>, 'LEAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lead'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <function build_logarithm>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NTH_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NthValue'>>, 'NULLIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'QUARTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quarter'>>, 'RAND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDOM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Randn'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SIGN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SIGNUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIMEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>>, 'TIMESTAMPDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <function _build_to_char>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>>, 'TO_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToNumber'>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Try'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTimestamp'>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UPPER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function build_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'LIKE': <function build_like>, 'LOG2': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG10': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MOD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARBITRARY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_PERCENTILE': <function _build_approx_percentile>, 'BITWISE_AND': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BITWISE_NOT': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'BITWISE_OR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BITWISE_XOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'CARDINALITY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'DATE_FORMAT': <function build_formatted_time.<locals>._builder>, 'DATE_PARSE': <function build_formatted_time.<locals>._builder>, 'ELEMENT_AT': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'FROM_HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'FROM_UNIXTIME': <function _build_from_unixtime>, 'FROM_UTF8': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'ROW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'SEQUENCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'SET_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'SPLIT_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STRPOS': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>>, 'TO_UNIXTIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TO_UTF8': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECTAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_TABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PREDICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>}
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {<TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>}
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}
Inherited Members
sqlglot.parser.Parser
Parser
NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS
STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS
ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
AGGREGATE_TYPE_TOKENS
TYPE_TOKENS
SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
RESERVED_TOKENS
DB_CREATABLES
CREATABLES
ID_VAR_TOKENS
INTERVAL_VARS
ALIAS_TOKENS
COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
TRIM_TYPES
FUNC_TOKENS
CONJUNCTION
EQUALITY
COMPARISON
BITWISE
TERM
FACTOR
EXPONENT
TIMES
TIMESTAMPS
SET_OPERATIONS
JOIN_METHODS
JOIN_SIDES
JOIN_KINDS
JOIN_HINTS
LAMBDAS
COLUMN_OPERATORS
EXPRESSION_PARSERS
STATEMENT_PARSERS
UNARY_PARSERS
STRING_PARSERS
NUMERIC_PARSERS
PRIMARY_PARSERS
PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
RANGE_PARSERS
PROPERTY_PARSERS
CONSTRAINT_PARSERS
ALTER_PARSERS
SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
KEY_VALUE_DEFINITIONS
QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
SET_PARSERS
SHOW_PARSERS
TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
TRANSACTION_KIND
TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
CONFLICT_ACTIONS
CREATE_SEQUENCE
ISOLATED_LOADING_OPTIONS
USABLES
CAST_ACTIONS
INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
CLONE_KEYWORDS
HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND
OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
OPTYPE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
VIEW_ATTRIBUTES
WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
WINDOW_SIDES
JSON_KEY_VALUE_SEPARATOR_TOKENS
FETCH_TOKENS
ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
DISTINCT_TOKENS
NULL_TOKENS
UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
SELECT_START_TOKENS
STRICT_CAST
PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS
IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS
LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN
ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN
TABLESAMPLE_CSV
SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER
TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
STRING_ALIASES
MODIFIERS_ATTACHED_TO_UNION
UNION_MODIFIERS
NO_PAREN_IF_COMMANDS
JSON_ARROWS_REQUIRE_JSON_TYPE
SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST
INTERVAL_SPANS
SUPPORTS_PARTITION_SELECTION
error_level
error_message_context
max_errors
dialect
reset
parse
parse_into
check_errors
raise_error
expression
validate_expression
errors
sql
class Presto.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator):
290    class Generator(generator.Generator):
291        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
292        JOIN_HINTS = False
293        TABLE_HINTS = False
294        QUERY_HINTS = False
295        IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
296        TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
297        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
298        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
299        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
300        SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
301        LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
302        MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
303        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
304
305        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
306            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
307            exp.LocationProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
308            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
309        }
310
311        TYPE_MAPPING = {
312            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
313            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
314            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
315            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBINARY",
316            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR",
317            exp.DataType.Type.TIMETZ: "TIME",
318            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
319            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "ROW",
320            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
321            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME64: "TIMESTAMP",
322            exp.DataType.Type.HLLSKETCH: "HYPERLOGLOG",
323        }
324
325        TRANSFORMS = {
326            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
327            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("ARBITRARY"),
328            exp.ApproxDistinct: lambda self, e: self.func(
329                "APPROX_DISTINCT", e.this, e.args.get("accuracy")
330            ),
331            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("APPROX_PERCENTILE"),
332            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
333            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
334            exp.Array: lambda self, e: f"ARRAY[{self.expressions(e, flat=True)}]",
335            exp.ArrayAny: rename_func("ANY_MATCH"),
336            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
337            exp.ArrayContains: rename_func("CONTAINS"),
338            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("CARDINALITY"),
339            exp.ArrayToString: rename_func("ARRAY_JOIN"),
340            exp.ArrayUniqueAgg: rename_func("SET_AGG"),
341            exp.AtTimeZone: rename_func("AT_TIMEZONE"),
342            exp.BitwiseAnd: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_AND", e.this, e.expression),
343            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
344                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_LEFT", e.this, e.expression
345            ),
346            exp.BitwiseNot: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_NOT", e.this),
347            exp.BitwiseOr: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_OR", e.this, e.expression),
348            exp.BitwiseRightShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
349                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_RIGHT", e.this, e.expression
350            ),
351            exp.BitwiseXor: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_XOR", e.this, e.expression),
352            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
353            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
354            exp.DateAdd: lambda self, e: self.func(
355                "DATE_ADD",
356                unit_to_str(e),
357                _to_int(e.expression),
358                e.this,
359            ),
360            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
361                "DATE_DIFF", unit_to_str(e), e.expression, e.this
362            ),
363            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
364            exp.DateToDi: lambda self,
365            e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
366            exp.DateSub: lambda self, e: self.func(
367                "DATE_ADD",
368                unit_to_str(e),
369                _to_int(e.expression * -1),
370                e.this,
371            ),
372            exp.Decode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "FROM_UTF8"),
373            exp.DiToDate: lambda self,
374            e: f"CAST(DATE_PARSE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS DATE)",
375            exp.Encode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "TO_UTF8"),
376            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self, e: f"FORMAT='{e.name.upper()}'",
377            exp.First: _first_last_sql,
378            exp.FirstValue: _first_last_sql,
379            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self,
380            e: f"WITH_TIMEZONE({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'zone')}) AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'",
381            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
382            exp.GroupConcat: lambda self, e: self.func(
383                "ARRAY_JOIN", self.func("ARRAY_AGG", e.this), e.args.get("separator")
384            ),
385            exp.Hex: rename_func("TO_HEX"),
386            exp.If: if_sql(),
387            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
388            exp.Initcap: _initcap_sql,
389            exp.ParseJSON: rename_func("JSON_PARSE"),
390            exp.Last: _first_last_sql,
391            exp.LastValue: _first_last_sql,
392            exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH", e.this),
393            exp.Lateral: _explode_to_unnest_sql,
394            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
395            exp.Levenshtein: rename_func("LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE"),
396            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOL_AND"),
397            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOL_OR"),
398            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
399            exp.Quantile: _quantile_sql,
400            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
401            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
402            exp.SafeDivide: no_safe_divide_sql,
403            exp.Schema: _schema_sql,
404            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
405            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
406                [
407                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
408                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
409                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(1),
410                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
411                ]
412            ),
413            exp.SortArray: _no_sort_array,
414            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: str_position_sql(self, e, generate_instance=True),
415            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST({_str_to_time_sql(self, e)} AS DATE)",
416            exp.StrToMap: rename_func("SPLIT_TO_MAP"),
417            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
418            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
419            exp.Table: transforms.preprocess([_unnest_sequence]),
420            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
421            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql,
422            exp.TimeStrToDate: timestrtotime_sql,
423            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
424            exp.TimeStrToUnix: lambda self, e: self.func(
425                "TO_UNIXTIME", self.func("DATE_PARSE", e.this, Presto.TIME_FORMAT)
426            ),
427            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
428            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("TO_UNIXTIME"),
429            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
430            exp.TryCast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
431            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self,
432            e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
433            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
434            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
435            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
436            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
437            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self,
438            e: f"DATE_FORMAT(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}), {self.format_time(e)})",
439            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
440            exp.UnixToTimeStr: lambda self,
441            e: f"CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}) AS VARCHAR)",
442            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
443            exp.With: transforms.preprocess([transforms.add_recursive_cte_column_names]),
444            exp.WithinGroup: transforms.preprocess(
445                [transforms.remove_within_group_for_percentiles]
446            ),
447            exp.Xor: bool_xor_sql,
448        }
449
450        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
451            "alter",
452            "and",
453            "as",
454            "between",
455            "by",
456            "case",
457            "cast",
458            "constraint",
459            "create",
460            "cross",
461            "current_time",
462            "current_timestamp",
463            "deallocate",
464            "delete",
465            "describe",
466            "distinct",
467            "drop",
468            "else",
469            "end",
470            "escape",
471            "except",
472            "execute",
473            "exists",
474            "extract",
475            "false",
476            "for",
477            "from",
478            "full",
479            "group",
480            "having",
481            "in",
482            "inner",
483            "insert",
484            "intersect",
485            "into",
486            "is",
487            "join",
488            "left",
489            "like",
490            "natural",
491            "not",
492            "null",
493            "on",
494            "or",
495            "order",
496            "outer",
497            "prepare",
498            "right",
499            "select",
500            "table",
501            "then",
502            "true",
503            "union",
504            "using",
505            "values",
506            "when",
507            "where",
508            "with",
509        }
510
511        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
512            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
513            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
514            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
515            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
516            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
517            value_as_text = exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
518            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
519            parse_with_tz = self.func(
520                "PARSE_DATETIME",
521                value_as_text,
522                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
523            )
524            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
525            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)
526
527        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
528            if expression.args.get("safe"):
529                return self.func(
530                    "ELEMENT_AT",
531                    expression.this,
532                    seq_get(
533                        apply_index_offset(
534                            expression.this,
535                            expression.expressions,
536                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
537                        ),
538                        0,
539                    ),
540                )
541            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
542
543        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
544            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
545
546            expression = annotate_types(expression)
547            values: t.List[str] = []
548            schema: t.List[str] = []
549            unknown_type = False
550
551            for e in expression.expressions:
552                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
553                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
554                        unknown_type = True
555                    else:
556                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
557                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
558                else:
559                    values.append(self.sql(e))
560
561            size = len(expression.expressions)
562
563            if not size or len(schema) != size:
564                if unknown_type:
565                    self.unsupported(
566                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
567                    )
568                return self.func("ROW", *values)
569            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"
570
571        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
572            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
573                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
574            return super().interval_sql(expression)
575
576        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
577            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
578            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
579            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"
580
581        def generateseries_sql(self, expression: exp.GenerateSeries) -> str:
582            start = expression.args["start"]
583            end = expression.args["end"]
584            step = expression.args.get("step")
585
586            if isinstance(start, exp.Cast):
587                target_type = start.to
588            elif isinstance(end, exp.Cast):
589                target_type = end.to
590            else:
591                target_type = None
592
593            if target_type and target_type.is_type("timestamp"):
594                if target_type is start.to:
595                    end = exp.cast(end, target_type)
596                else:
597                    start = exp.cast(start, target_type)
598
599            return self.func("SEQUENCE", start, end, step)
600
601        def offset_limit_modifiers(
602            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
603        ) -> t.List[str]:
604            return [
605                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
606                self.sql(limit),
607            ]
608
609        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
610            """
611            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
612            so we need to remove them
613            """
614            kind = expression.args["kind"]
615            schema = expression.this
616            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
617                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
618            return super().create_sql(expression)

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

Arguments:
  • pretty: Whether to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
  • identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
  • normalize: Whether to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
  • pad: The pad size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of a projection in a query, relative to its nesting level. Default: 2.
  • indent: The indentation size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of subqueries and filters under a WHERE clause. Default: 2.
  • normalize_functions: How to normalize function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
  • unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
  • max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
  • leading_comma: Whether the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
  • max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
  • comments: Whether to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True
INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
JOIN_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
STRUCT_DELIMITER = ('(', ')')
LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedOfProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SequenceProperties'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSystemVersioningProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'CHAR', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>: 'VARBINARY', <Type.INT: 'INT'>: 'INTEGER', <Type.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>: 'REAL', <Type.BINARY: 'BINARY'>: 'VARBINARY', <Type.TEXT: 'TEXT'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>: 'TIME', <Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>: 'ROW', <Type.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>: 'HYPERLOGLOG'}
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathFilter'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRecursive'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathScript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSelector'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSlice'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathUnion'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathWildcard'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EphemeralColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExcludeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>: <function no_timestamp_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithOperator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseAnd'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseLeftShift'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseNot'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseOr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseRightShift'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseXor'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>: <function _first_last_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FirstValue'>: <function _first_last_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromTimeZone'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Group'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function if_sql.<locals>._if_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILike'>: <function no_ilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>: <function _initcap_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>: <function _first_last_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>: <function _first_last_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lateral'>: <function _explode_to_unnest_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>: <function left_to_substring_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pivot'>: <function no_pivot_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>: <function _quantile_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>: <function regexp_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>: <function right_to_substring_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>: <function no_safe_divide_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Schema'>: <function _schema_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>: <function _no_sort_array>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function _str_to_time_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>: <function struct_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Table'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>: <function timestamptrunc_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function _ts_or_ds_add_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>: <function _ts_or_ds_diff_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function _unix_to_time_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.With'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithinGroup'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>: <function bool_xor_sql>}
RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {'end', 'current_time', 'table', 'true', 'using', 'prepare', 'or', 'insert', 'intersect', 'execute', 'from', 'having', 'extract', 'select', 'deallocate', 'cross', 'in', 'else', 'like', 'not', 'drop', 'false', 'on', 'into', 'alter', 'right', 'between', 'left', 'except', 'distinct', 'null', 'current_timestamp', 'constraint', 'create', 'join', 'union', 'as', 'with', 'when', 'delete', 'order', 'case', 'values', 'full', 'cast', 'is', 'natural', 'then', 'outer', 'escape', 'describe', 'by', 'group', 'for', 'exists', 'where', 'inner', 'and'}
def strtounix_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix) -> str:
511        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
512            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
513            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
514            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
515            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
516            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
517            value_as_text = exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
518            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
519            parse_with_tz = self.func(
520                "PARSE_DATETIME",
521                value_as_text,
522                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
523            )
524            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
525            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)
def bracket_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Bracket) -> str:
527        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
528            if expression.args.get("safe"):
529                return self.func(
530                    "ELEMENT_AT",
531                    expression.this,
532                    seq_get(
533                        apply_index_offset(
534                            expression.this,
535                            expression.expressions,
536                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
537                        ),
538                        0,
539                    ),
540                )
541            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
def struct_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Struct) -> str:
543        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
544            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
545
546            expression = annotate_types(expression)
547            values: t.List[str] = []
548            schema: t.List[str] = []
549            unknown_type = False
550
551            for e in expression.expressions:
552                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
553                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
554                        unknown_type = True
555                    else:
556                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
557                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
558                else:
559                    values.append(self.sql(e))
560
561            size = len(expression.expressions)
562
563            if not size or len(schema) != size:
564                if unknown_type:
565                    self.unsupported(
566                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
567                    )
568                return self.func("ROW", *values)
569            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"
def interval_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Interval) -> str:
571        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
572            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
573                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
574            return super().interval_sql(expression)
def transaction_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Transaction) -> str:
576        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
577            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
578            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
579            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"
def generateseries_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries) -> str:
581        def generateseries_sql(self, expression: exp.GenerateSeries) -> str:
582            start = expression.args["start"]
583            end = expression.args["end"]
584            step = expression.args.get("step")
585
586            if isinstance(start, exp.Cast):
587                target_type = start.to
588            elif isinstance(end, exp.Cast):
589                target_type = end.to
590            else:
591                target_type = None
592
593            if target_type and target_type.is_type("timestamp"):
594                if target_type is start.to:
595                    end = exp.cast(end, target_type)
596                else:
597                    start = exp.cast(start, target_type)
598
599            return self.func("SEQUENCE", start, end, step)
def offset_limit_modifiers( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: Union[sqlglot.expressions.Fetch, sqlglot.expressions.Limit, NoneType]) -> List[str]:
601        def offset_limit_modifiers(
602            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
603        ) -> t.List[str]:
604            return [
605                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
606                self.sql(limit),
607            ]
def create_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Create) -> str:
609        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
610            """
611            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
612            so we need to remove them
613            """
614            kind = expression.args["kind"]
615            schema = expression.this
616            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
617                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
618            return super().create_sql(expression)

Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: CREATE VIEW x (cola) then (cola) is the expression), so we need to remove them

SELECT_KINDS: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS = {'qualify': <function Generator.<lambda>>, 'windows': <function Generator.<lambda>>}
Inherited Members
sqlglot.generator.Generator
Generator
NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC
LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
EXPLICIT_UNION
WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
MATCHED_BY_SOURCE
SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL
LIMIT_FETCH
RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB
GROUPINGS_SEP
INDEX_ON
QUERY_HINT_SEP
DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
LIMIT_IS_TOP
RETURNING_END
COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS_SUPPORTED
EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
VALUES_AS_TABLE
ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD
UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY
AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED
SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE
SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY
TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_ROWS
TABLESAMPLE_KEYWORDS
TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD
COLLATE_IS_FUNC
DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED
ENSURE_BOOLS
CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED
LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART
SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS
UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS
JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP
INSERT_OVERWRITE
SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO
SUPPORTS_UNLOGGED_TABLES
SUPPORTS_CREATE_TABLE_LIKE
JSON_TYPE_REQUIRED_FOR_EXTRACTION
JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED
JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE
SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS
CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY
OUTER_UNION_MODIFIERS
COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED
COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED
COPY_HAS_INTO_KEYWORD
TRY_SUPPORTED
STAR_MAPPING
TIME_PART_SINGULARS
TOKEN_MAPPING
PARAMETER_TOKEN
NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN
WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
EXCLUDE_COMMENTS
UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
PARAMETERIZABLE_TEXT_TYPES
EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES
SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
pretty
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max_unsupported
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comments
dialect
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generate
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sep
seg
pad_comment
maybe_comment
wrap
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uncache_sql
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generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql
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intersect_op
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pseudotype_sql
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star_sql
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if_sql
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formatjson_sql
jsonobject_sql
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jsonarray_sql
jsonarrayagg_sql
jsoncolumndef_sql
jsonschema_sql
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openjsoncolumndef_sql
openjson_sql
in_sql
in_unnest_op
return_sql
reference_sql
anonymous_sql
paren_sql
neg_sql
not_sql
alias_sql
pivotalias_sql
aliases_sql
atindex_sql
attimezone_sql
fromtimezone_sql
add_sql
and_sql
or_sql
xor_sql
connector_sql
bitwiseand_sql
bitwiseleftshift_sql
bitwisenot_sql
bitwiseor_sql
bitwiserightshift_sql
bitwisexor_sql
cast_sql
currentdate_sql
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collate_sql
command_sql
comment_sql
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commit_sql
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add_column_sql
droppartition_sql
addconstraint_sql
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distance_sql
dot_sql
eq_sql
propertyeq_sql
escape_sql
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ilikeany_sql
is_sql
like_sql
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lt_sql
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mul_sql
neq_sql
nullsafeeq_sql
nullsafeneq_sql
slice_sql
sub_sql
trycast_sql
try_sql
log_sql
use_sql
binary
function_fallback_sql
func
format_args
too_wide
format_time
expressions
op_expressions
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tag_sql
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kwarg_sql
when_sql
merge_sql
tochar_sql
tonumber_sql
dictproperty_sql
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dictsubproperty_sql
oncluster_sql
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querytransform_sql
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checkcolumnconstraint_sql
indexcolumnconstraint_sql
nvl2_sql
comprehension_sql
columnprefix_sql
opclass_sql
predict_sql
forin_sql
refresh_sql
operator_sql
toarray_sql
tsordstotime_sql
tsordstotimestamp_sql
tsordstodate_sql
unixdate_sql
lastday_sql
dateadd_sql
arrayany_sql
partitionrange_sql
truncatetable_sql
convert_sql
copyparameter_sql
credentials_sql
copy_sql